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Regional Diplomacy and the International Dimension of Da’wah: Analyzing English for Ulama in West Java
Tika Tazkya Nurdyawati,
Teguh Nurhasan Affandi,
Kiagus Zaenal Mubarak
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
29-36
Received:
3 February 2022
Accepted:
29 March 2022
Published:
9 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20220502.11
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Abstract: There is a current massive activity of local actors in the international arena. It is carried out in the diplomatic framework which is also called regional diplomacy. West Java, the region with the largest percentage of Muslim populations in Indonesia, is actively involved in making regional diplomacy. This article aims to identify the English for Ulama program that was formulated under Ridwan Kamil and Uu Ruzhanul Ulum (2018-2023). English for Ulama is a form of collaboration between the West Java government, the British Embassy in Indonesia, British Council, and West Java local actors. This program aims to train selected ulama in West Java to do da’wah in Europe. This also coincides with the eradication of Islamophobia that had previously been embedded in the Blue Continent, specifically in the United Kingdom. This research utilizes Publish or Perish, VOSViewer to find previous literature data and see new gaps for novelty. By using qualitative research methods, this research also utilizes Atlas.ti software which helps codify data from various sources and interviews. The output of this article finds that: 1) The strong Islamic identity in West Java society encourages the formation of these Islamic policies. On a global scale, it rides the rapid scheme of da'wah. English language training for Ulama has encouraged several Interfaith Dialogues that uphold the principle of religious tolerance. 2) This program is in line with West Java’s development plan to increase the percentage of religious harmony and promote regional superior values. During this leadership period, West Java emphasized Islamic cultural philosophy by riding diplomatic doors. 3) From a diplomatic perspective, this program is an instrument for achieving the multidimensional interests of West Java from the promotion objective to economic benefits. This article is expected to contribute usefulness and concrete evidence of massive da'wah activities in the era of globalization from sub-national governments.
Abstract: There is a current massive activity of local actors in the international arena. It is carried out in the diplomatic framework which is also called regional diplomacy. West Java, the region with the largest percentage of Muslim populations in Indonesia, is actively involved in making regional diplomacy. This article aims to identify the English for ...
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Introduction to Quantitative Approaches for Triangulation in International Relations: A Basic Guide
Evanthia Balla,
George Dimitropoulos
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
37-44
Received:
7 April 2022
Accepted:
18 April 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20220502.12
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Abstract: In today’s digital era, information flows through multiple channels and a large amount of data becomes available on a daily basis. Government sources, social media, international organisations, and even business corporations use numerical data to communicate with the general public. The recent devastating global pandemic that affected every part of the world is a typical example of this reality. During the pandemic, each government chose a course of decisions and actions that were made based on statistics. International Relations, an interdisciplinary field of study that combines economics, history, and political science to investigate issues such as global poverty, economic growth rates, globalisation, security, and climate change, also employs mathematical formulae and statistical models to produce specific results. Therefore, quantitative methods for research are a key tool available to scholars, researchers, practitioners, and university students of IR. Under this prism, this article focuses on the importance of quantitative methods for triangulation in IR. Quantitative approaches, such as Game Theory and Statistical Analysis, are vital not just as independent research methodologies, but also as important components of qualitative research in IR. The main argument of this paper is that the choice between qualitative-quantitative research remains vivid among IR scholars. Nonetheless, this appears to be a case of synergy rather than antagonism between the two. Under this scope, this work shall highlight the relevance of quantitative approaches for triangulation in IR qualitative research, providing examples of certain research cases.
Abstract: In today’s digital era, information flows through multiple channels and a large amount of data becomes available on a daily basis. Government sources, social media, international organisations, and even business corporations use numerical data to communicate with the general public. The recent devastating global pandemic that affected every part of...
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Ideology and Geopolitics: Wahhabism Saudi Arabia's Geopolitical Territoriality
Hasan Karimi,
Yashar Zaki,
Javad Etaat
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
45-57
Received:
27 February 2022
Accepted:
11 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20220502.13
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Abstract: Ideology is the science of belief, or the belief system, and is one of the dominant concepts in the field of epistemology, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This concept was first used in France by a person called Destutt de Tracy. Wahhabism is the name of an ideology that dates back to the mid-eighteenth century in Saudi Arabia. The founder/theorist of Wahhabism is Mohammed bin Abdul Wahhab. After he challenged his religious beliefs in Medina, he went to Najd, and met with Saudi Arabia's founder Mohammed bin Saud in the city of Al-Daraia, and since then, Wahhabism has become one of the foundations of the legitimacy of the Al-Saud government, which guarantees durability and its sustainability and justifies the transnational policies of the kingdom. Today, many of Al-Saud's actions in the political geography of the Muslim world, especially in the West and Southwest Asia are based on this ideology. This descriptive-analytic study investigates how Wahhabi's ideology has engaged in developing its geopolitical territory in the Islam World. It can be said that Wahhabi ideology is one of the main foundations of the Saudi political system and is an important factor in its geopolitical territoriality. The findings of this study indicate that the British secret support for the Wahhabi sectarianism, the longstanding link between the Wahhabi family and Al-Saud, the role of the Wahhabi scholars in the Saudi political structure, and the Al-Assad's investments in the Islamic world to promote this ideology, which is also supported by Al-Sheikh, all point to the importance of the Wahhabi ideology and its vital role in Saudi Arabia's geopolitical territoriality in the political geography of the Islamic world. Therefore, it can be suggested that Al-Saud, by promoting this ideology, not only seeks his survival at the head of power in Saudi Arabia but also seeks for geopolitical territoriality on the transnational boundaries and leadership of the Islamic world.
Abstract: Ideology is the science of belief, or the belief system, and is one of the dominant concepts in the field of epistemology, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This concept was first used in France by a person called Destutt de Tracy. Wahhabism is the name of an ideology that dates back to the mid-eighteenth century in Saudi Arabia...
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The Possibilities for Termination of the Kumanovo Agreement (1999)
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
58-68
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
12 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20220502.14
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Abstract: This article examines the Kumanovo Agreement (1999) as a limitation to Serbian military presence in Kosovo and Metohija (hereinafter shortly: Kosovo) in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Namely, the Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force (“KFOR”) and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia, known as the “Kumanovo Agreement”, represents a legal limitation to any involvement of the Serbian military force(s) Kosovo. Nowadays, this act prevent any such involvement even in the case of uncontrolled Albanian invasion against the Serb population in Kosovo. With respect to the Kumanovo Agreement signed in 1999 the consent element (by Serbian party to a treaty) required for such peacekeeping agreements appears to be missing. The absence of consent element of the agreement undermines the legal basis and validity of the Kumanovo treaty reached under apparent coercion in 1999. It appears that Kumanovo Agreement in the absence of proper consent requirement may be interpreted as a dubious act under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (hereinafter VCLT), particularly Article 52 (related to the Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force). Therefore, the Kumanovo Agreement, as an Annex to the Security resolution 1244 (1999), can be considered as an invalid act according to the VLCT. As a consequence of its invalidity, the Serbian government in warlike situations, in case of massive human rights violations by Kosovo authorities against Serbian population, may resort to termination of the Kumanovo Agreement.
Abstract: This article examines the Kumanovo Agreement (1999) as a limitation to Serbian military presence in Kosovo and Metohija (hereinafter shortly: Kosovo) in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Namely, the Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force (“KFOR”) and the Governments of the Federal...
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Non-state Actors in Urban Governance of Ethiopia: Examining Non-state Actors’ Powers and Roles in Local Development
Mengistu Gutema Kebede,
Solomon Negussie
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
69-78
Received:
20 April 2022
Accepted:
20 May 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jpsir.20220502.16
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Abstract: The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate non-state actors (NSAs) powers and roles in local development in light of urban power theories. In this article, the researchers employed both primary and secondary data that were qualitative in nature. Secondary data produced from constitutions, proclamations, regulations, policy declarations, and journals, while primary data produced from interviews, focus groups and key informant interviews. In the context of urban power theories, this study investigates the impact of non-state actors' power on local development. The findings of this article reveal that, the government dominated decision-making about local development. The result of this research provided insight on the government's hegemony over NSAs’ when it comes to collaborative development decisions. Insufficient NSAs’ engagement in development decision-making would have impeded collaborative development in the case study ULGs’. NSAs’ contribution to improving effective development management at the local level, as well as the production of resources for local development, would be impeded if true NSAs’ engagement was not improved. As a result, the role of NSAs’ engagement in bridging the ULGs’ gap in local service supply was impeded. Inadequate NSAs’ engagement in local development decision-making would increase the NSAs’ predisposition to be a passive receiver of development benefits rather than owner of development. At the end the study shows that, to maximize the effectiveness of NSAs’ engagement, the NSAs’ must be fully included in the decision-making process addressing local development. Extending the involvement of NSAs’ in development beyond the passive delivery of local public goods is essential. It is critical to link project-level action to a broader policy-making agenda, allowing the NSAs’ to wrestle with and reverse a set of policy priorities.
Abstract: The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate non-state actors (NSAs) powers and roles in local development in light of urban power theories. In this article, the researchers employed both primary and secondary data that were qualitative in nature. Secondary data produced from constitutions, proclamations, regulations, policy declarations, an...
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